常用临床医学术语

diseases疾病  
acute diseases急性病
advanced diseases病沉重期，晚期疾病 
chronic diseases慢性病
communicable diseases传染病 
complicating diseases并发病
congenital diseases先天性疾病
acquired diseases后天性疾病 
contagious diseases接触性传染病
endemic diseases地方病 
epidemic diseases流行病
functional diseases机能病、官能病 
infectious diseases传染病
inherited diseases遗传病 
malignant diseases恶性病
nutritional diseases营养病 
occupation diseases职业病
organic diseases器质性病 
paroxysmal diseases阵发性病
periodical diseases周期病 
primary(principal)diseases原发（主导）病
secondary diseases继发病 
sexual(venereal, social)diseases性病
terminal diseases绝症 
wasting diseases消耗性疾病
chief complaint主诉 
clinical manifestation临床表现
delivery history分娩史 
etiology病因学
family history家族史 
history, medical history病史
precipitating(induced)诱因 
marital status婚姻状况
menstrual history月经史 
menarche初潮
menopause闭经 
past history既往史
pathogenesis发病机制 
personal history个人史
symptoms症状
cardinal symptom主要症状 
classical symptom典型症状
concomitant symptom伴发症状 
constitutional(systemic) symptom全身症状
indirect symptom间接症状 
induced symptom诱发症状
local symptom局部症状 
mental symptom精神症状
symptom-complex (syndrome)symptom综合症，症候群
signs体征
antecedent前驱征 
assident (accessory)副征
commemorative后遗症 
sign of death死征
diagnostic诊断征 
sign of disease病征
subjective自觉征，主观征
vein sign静脉征 
vital sign生命体征
body length (height of the body)身高
body weight体重 
barrel chest桶状胸
cachexia恶病质 
compulsive position被动体位
critical facies病危面容 
emaciation消瘦
enophthalmos眼球下陷 
entropion睑内翻
exophthalmos眼球突出 
flushed face面色潮红
gain (loss) in weight增加（减轻）体重 
lock-jaw牙关紧闭
lordosis脊柱前凸 
nasal ala flap鼻翼扇动
nystagmus眼震 
obesity肥胖
pallor苍白 
scolisis脊柱侧凸
agitation焦急不安 
debility, weakness虚弱
diaphoresis出汗，大量出汗 
dizziness, vertigo眩晕
lassitude, fatigue无力，倦怠 
malaise不适
night sweat盗汗 
numbness麻木
rigor, chill寒冷，发冷 
perspiration, sweating出汗
pruritus, itching痒， 
somasthenia躯体无力
tingling麻刺感 
abscess脓肿
acidosis酸中毒 
adhesion粘连
alkalosis碱中毒 
allergy过敏
coagulation defect凝血不良 
congestion充血
dehydration脱水 
distention膨胀
edema水肿 
embolism栓塞，栓塞形成
fluid and electrolyte imbalance水电解质紊乱
gangrene坏疽 
hematoma血肿
hemorrhage, bleeding出血 
infarction梗塞，梗死
infection传染 
inflammation炎症
ketoacidosis酮酸中毒 
metastasis转移
perforation穿孔 
necrosis坏死
shock休克 
response反应，应答
reaction反应，感应 
thrombosis血栓形成
ulceration溃疡 
fever, pyrexia发烧，发热
continuous fever稽留热 
intermittent fever间歇热
low-grade fever低热 
remittent fever驰张热
relapsing fever回归热 
pain痛
burning pain灼痛 
chest(flank,…) pain胸（胁腹…）痛
cramp-like pain痉挛性痛 
dull, diffused pain弥漫性钝痛
pleuritic pain胸膜炎性痛
radiating pain (pain radiating to…)放射性痛（放射到…疼痛）angina绞痛 
cardiac angina心绞痛
backache背痛 
colic绞痛，急腹痛
earache耳痛 
headache头痛
neuralgia神经痛 
migraine偏头痛
rebound tenderness反跳痛 
somatalgia躯体痛
sore throat咽喉痛 
stomachache胃痛
toothache牙痛 
bloody sputum带血的痰
cough咳嗽 
dry cough干咳
expectoration咳痰 
expectoration of blood咳血
hemoptysis咳血 
anoxia缺氧 
apnea呼吸暂停，窒息
asthma气喘，哮喘 
Cheyne Stokes respiration切－斯氏呼吸，潮式呼吸
dyspnea呼吸困难 
hyperpnea hyperventilation过度呼吸，换气过度
hypopnea呼吸不全， 呼吸浅表 
hypoxia低氧，缺氧
orthopnea端坐呼吸 
respiratory arrest呼吸停止
suffocation窒息 
tachypnea呼吸急促
fetid breath口臭 
fruity breath呼吸有水果味
arrhythmia心律失常，心律不齐 
atelectasis肺不张，肺膨胀不全
cardiac arrest心搏骤停 
cardiac hypertrophy心脏肥大
cyanosis发绀，青紫 
distension of jugular vein颈静脉怒张
extrasystole期外收缩 
gallop rhythm奔马律
hemopleura血胸 
hepatojugular reflux肝颈静脉回流
hypovolemia（循环）血容量减少 
palpitation心悸
tachycardia心动过速 
pneumothorax气胸
thrill震颤 
absent breath sounds呼吸音消失
dull sound浊音 
hyperresonant鼓音
rale啰音 
rhonchus, rhonchi鼾音，干啰音
wheeze哮鸣音 
anorexia, loss of appetite食欲不振，厌食
dysphagia吞咽困难 
eructation嗳气
belching嗳气 
flatulence气胀
flatus肠胃气，屁 
gaseous distention胃胀气
hematemesis呕血 
hiccough, hiccup打呃，呃逆
nausea恶心 
pyrosis胃灼热
regurgitation反胃，回流 
thirsty口渴
vomiting呕吐 
anal fissure, crack in the anal canal肛裂
ascites腹水
board-like rigidity of the abdomen板状腹
decreased tactile fremitus触觉性震颤减弱
exophageal varices食管静脉曲张
fistula瘘，瘘管 
hemorrhoid痔
hernia疝 
hepatomegaly肝肿大
intussusception肠套叠 
jaundice黄疸
muscle guarding, defence of the abdominal wall腹壁肌卫
peristalsis蠕动 
loss of peristalsis蠕动消失
mass peristalsis总蠕动
retrograde (reversed) peristalsis逆蠕动 
prolapse脱垂
prolapse of anus脱肛 
rectal prolapse直肠脱垂，脱肛
volvulus肠扭转 
calculus结石， 石
biliary calculus胆结石 
vesical calculus膀胱结石
constipation便秘 
defecation排便
diarrhea腹泻 
incontinence of feces大便失禁
hematochezia便血 
fecal impaction大便嵌塞
occult blood潜血 
painful straining with defecation排便痛性牵动
clay colored stools陶土色便 
dark, granular/coffee ground emesis咖啡样呕吐物
fecal vomiting, stercoraceous vomiting呕粪，吐粪
foul fatty stools, steatorrhea恶臭脂肪便，脂肪痢
scanty and hard stools便少而硬
tarry (black) stools柏油样便
anuria无尿
burning sensation no urination排尿时的灼烧感
dysurea排尿困难，尿痛
enuresis, bed wetting遗尿
frequency of urination尿频
micturation排尿
uresis, urination, voiding排尿
nocturia夜尿
oliguria少尿
polyuria多尿
tenesmus里急后重
vesical tenesmus排尿时里急后重
uremia coma尿毒症昏迷
urgency of urination尿急
urinary incontinence尿失禁
aciduria酸尿
chyluria乳糜尿
cylindruia管型尿
glycosuria糖尿
hematuria血尿
ketonuria酮尿
pneumatinuria气尿
proteinuria蛋白尿
pyuria脓尿 
amenorrhea经闭，无月经
dysmenorrhea痛经
menorrhagia月经过多
lochia恶露
menorrhea行经，月经过多
menstruation月经
uterine contraction子宫收缩
blotch斑点
bruise挫伤，青肿
acne痤疮，粉刺
desquamation脱皮，脱屑
ecchymosis瘀斑
loss of skin turgor失去皮肤充盈
nevus痣
papule丘疹
petechia瘀点，瘀斑
pigmentation色素沉着
pustule脓疱
purpura紫癫
red nodule红结节
roseola玫瑰疹
scar伤疤
senile plaque老人斑
spider anaioma蛛形痣
subcutaneous nodule皮下结节
urticaria荨麻疹
vesicle小水疱
vitiligo白斑
blindness失明
blurred vision, visual disturbance视力模糊
impaired vision视力下降
lacrimation流泪
papilledema视神经乳头水肿
photophobia畏光，羞明
retinal detachment视网膜脱离
deafness聋
hearing loss听力丧失
tinnitus耳鸣
epistaxis, nasal bleeding鼻出血
impaired smelling嗅觉障碍
nasal discharge鼻涕
nasal obstruction鼻塞
sneeze喷嚏
snore打鼾
aphonia, loss of voice失音症
hoarseness嘶哑
gum bleeding齿龈出血
herpes labialis唇疱疹，感冒疮
Koplik’s spots科普利克斑
lead line of the gum龈铅线
salivation, drooling流口水
straw-berry tongue草莓舌
tremulous tongue舌震颤
atrophy萎缩
contracture挛缩
deformity畸形，变形
dislocation脱位
fracture骨折
closed (simple)fracture无创骨折，单纯性骨折
comminuted fracture粉碎性骨折
compound fracture哆开（开放性）骨折
knock-knee膝外翻
opisthotonos角弓反张
prosthesis假体
spasm痉挛
tetany (肌)强直，手足抽搦
wrist drop腕下垂
aphasia失语
ataxia共济失调
coma昏迷
consciousness知觉，意识
convulsion抽搐，惊厥
delirium谵妄
delusion妄想
faint昏厥
hallucination幻觉
hemiplegia偏瘫
increased intracranial pressure颅内压增高
insanity精神错乱
loss of orientation定向丧失
mania躁狂
memory defects, amnesia记忆缺损，遗忘症
paraplegia截瘫，下身麻痹
projectile vomiting喷射性呕吐
somnolence, (lethargy)昏睡，嗜睡
stupor木僵，昏呆
tetraplegia四肢瘫痪
unconsciousness失去知觉
yawning打哈欠
crisis危象
cerebral (febrile, hematic, hemolytic,hypertensive, thyrotoxic, ...) crisis
脑（热、血性、溶血、高血压、甲状腺中毒…）危象
failure衰竭，故障
central (circulatory, cardiac, myocardiac, peripheral, congestive, renal, respiratory) failure
中枢（循环、心力、心肌、周围循环、充血性、肾、呼吸…）衰竭
diagnosis诊断
auscultation听诊
inspection视诊
palpation触诊
percussion叩诊
laboratory examination实验室检查
physical examination体格检查
rectal (vaginal) touch直肠（阴道）指诊
impression印象
tentative diagnosis暂定诊断
differential diagnosis鉴别诊断
final diagnosis最后诊断
prognosis预后
prescription处方
incubation (latent) period潜伏期
prodromal stage前驱期
incipient stage初期
quiescent stage静止期
alleviation减轻，缓和
remission缓解
attack发作
convalescence (recovery) stage恢复期
rehabilitation康复
relapse复发
sudden death猝死
moribund濒死的
course of the disease病程
course of the treatment疗程
indication适应症，指征
complication并发症
contraindication禁忌症
side-effect副作用
sequel (sequela), after effect后遗症
therapies治疗方法
acupuncture therapy针刺疗法
block therapy封闭疗法
chemical therpy (chemo-therapy)化学疗法
combined therapy综合疗法
conservative therapy保守疗法
constitutional therapy全身疗法
dietetic therapy饮食疗法
operative treatment手术疗法
palliative treatment, alleviative treatment姑息疗法
physical therapy物理疗法
psychotherapy精神疗法
radical treatment根治
radio-therapy放射性疗法
supporting treatment支持疗法
symptomatic treatment对症疗法
cardiac massage心脏按摩
cardiac pacing心脏起博
electrotherapy电疗法
electroshock treatment电休克疗法
hemodialysis血液透析
hyperbaric therapy高压氧疗法
insulin-shock treatment胰岛素休克疗法
light therapy光疗法
therapeutic gymnastics医疗体育 

       文章来源：法迈医讯

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