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今年5月,FDA公布了一封针对韩国企业的警告信。其中指出公司在人员资质方面存在问题,未能确保每个从事生产、加工、包装或保存药品的人员具备教育背景、培训和经验,或这些的结合。
观察项
Your firm failed to ensure that each person engaged in the manufacture, processing, packing, or holding of a drug product has the education, training, and experience, or any combination thereof, to enable that person to perform his or her assigned functions (21 CFR 211.25(a)).
公司未能确保每个从事生产、加工、包装或保存药品的人员具备教育背景、培训和经验,或这些的结合,以使得这些人员能够执行指定给其的职能(21 CFR 211.25(a))。
Your firm failed to ensure that all personnel are trained as appropriate. Training deficiencies were noted for personnel operating in management, production, quality assurance, and quality control positions. For example, employees engaged in the manual visual inspection of (b)(4) drug products were not trained at the intervals specified in your SOP; analysts who perform foreign matter (visible particulate) testing were not certified as required by your SOP; and some personnel lacked training records.
你公司未能确保所有人员均接受了恰当的培训。我们发现管理人员、生产人员、质量保证人员和质量控制岗位人员的培训缺陷。例如,从事人工目检XX药品的人员未按你们SOP规定的时间间隔接受培训,执行异物检测(可见颗粒)的化验员未按你们的SOP得到认可,还有一些人员缺少培训记录。
CGMP人员资质要求
在CGMP的上述条款中(21 CFR 211.25),对于人员资质要求,提到教育,培训和经验(education, training, and experience)。
21 CFR 211.25(a)
Each person engaged in the manufacture, processing, packing, or holding of a drug product shall have education, training, and experience, or any combination thereof, to enable that person to perform the assigned functions. Training shall be in the particular operations that the employee performs and in current good manufacturing practice(including the current good manufacturing practice regulations in this chapter and written procedures required by these regulations) as they relate to the employee’s functions. Training in current good manufacturing practice shall be conducted by qualified individuals on a continuing basis and with sufficient frequency to assure that employees remain familiar with CGMP requirements applicable to them.
所有从事药品生产、加工、包装或仓贮的工作人员均应具备教育经历、培训经历和工作经验,或三者的组合,具备能力履行所指派的职责。培训内容应包括员工执行的特定操作,以及与员工职责有关的CGMP要求(包括本章的CGMP法规和这些法规所要求的书面程序)。CGMP培训应由具备资质的人员以持续方式执行,其频次应足够,以确保员工一直熟悉所适用的CGMP要求。
1) 第一个词是education,教育背景。例如,对于QC岗位化学分析员,如果没有化学或者分析专业背景,培训起来肯定累——有些操作为什么要这么做,往往很难理解的。
2) 第二个词是training,培训。要考虑培训内容、培训教材和培训师以及频率和效果评估,这是上面警告信指出的问题所在。
3)第三个词是experience,经验涉及资质确认和再评估。
国内与欧美GMP条款的比较
国内GMP条款中对关键人员的岗位描叙写的很清楚,任职条件,干什么活都写的很清楚:
第二十二条生产管理负责人
(一)资质:
生产管理负责人应当至少具有药学或相关专业本科学历(或中级专业技术职称或执业药师资格),具有至少三年从事药品生产和质量管理度的实践经验,其中至少有一年的药品生产管理经验,接受过与所生产产品相关的专业知识培训。
美国CGMP说负责生产的人要有足够的教育...可以确保药品的质量
Each person responsible for supervising the manufacture, processing, packing, or holding of a drug product shall have the education, training, and experience, or any combination
欧盟GMP第二章的描述,也是说的很笼统:负责人需要有足够的胜任能力:
People in responsible positions should have specific duties recorded in written job descriptions and adequate authority to carry out their responsibilities. Their duties may be delegated to designated deputies of a satisfactory qualification level. There should be no gaps or unexplained overlaps in the responsibilities of those personnel concerned with the application of Good Manufacturing Practice.
详细具体的规定有好有坏:
好的方面:很容易衡量管理人员是否满足相关要求;
而不好的方面是:教育、培训和经验三者是一个互补的整体,未必一定需要强调其中一个方面。
岗位说明书
在上面的欧盟GMP条款中,明确要求岗位说明书(Job Description, JD)。通常在岗位说明书会包括对人员教育、培训和经验三方面的要求。
我们知道,找工作的时候,这时候必须阅读的一个文件,就是岗位说明书。
一旦进入了工作单位,我们似乎就不再那么关注岗位说明书,可能觉得这个东西和我们关系已经不大了。
但在药企,如果员工背景和岗位说明书不符,会导致什么问题?在检查中,FDA曾经给给出以下的缺陷项:
QC主管岗位说明书中说:QC主管需要本科学位或5-8年的QC经验,但事实上没有
The Quality Control Supervisor lacks the required Bachelor degree in science or the alternative 5-8 years’ experience in Quality Control defined in the job description.
上述的缺陷项可以看出:FDA对岗位说明书的重视。
每位员工(或一组员工,如果有多名具有相似职责的员工)必须有一份岗位说明书。应使用岗位说明书中描述的职责,来选择将构成培训计划的岗位特定课程。
根据质量、健康与安全小组以及培训部门的意见,职能部门的管理者应为其职责范围内的每个岗位/职能定义针对特定岗位的培训要求。对于新聘、内部调动、与中介机构签订临时合同或接受过交叉培训的员工,应在其开始新岗位之前分配培训计划。
文章来源:PharmLink
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